The Protective Antigen Component of Anthrax Toxin Forms Functional Octameric Complexes
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Anthrax Toxin Receptor Drives Protective Antigen Oligomerization and Stabilizes the Heptameric and Octameric Oligomer by a Similar Mechanism
BACKGROUND Anthrax toxin is comprised of protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF), and edema factor (EF). These proteins are individually nontoxic; however, when PA assembles with LF and EF, it produces lethal toxin and edema toxin, respectively. Assembly occurs either on cell surfaces or in plasma. In each milieu, PA assembles into a mixture of heptameric and octameric complexes that bind L...
متن کاملAnthrax protective antigen forms oligomers during intoxication of mammalian cells.
The protective antigen component (PA) of anthrax toxin binds to receptors on target cells and conveys the toxin's edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF) components into the cytoplasm. PA (83 kDa) is processed by a cellular protease, yielding a 63-kDa fragment (PA63), which binds EF and/or LF. When exposed to acidic pH, PA63 inserts into membranes and forms ion-conductive channels. By electron...
متن کاملThe lethal and edema factors of anthrax toxin bind only to oligomeric forms of the protective antigen.
The three proteins that comprise anthrax toxin, edema factor (EF), lethal factor (LF), and protective antigen (PA), assemble at the mammalian cell surface into toxic complexes. After binding to its receptor, PA is proteolytically activated, yielding a carboxyl-terminal 63-kDa fragment (PA(63)) that coordinates assembly of the complexes, promotes their endocytosis, and translocates EF and LF to ...
متن کاملPlant-based vaccine: mice immunized with chloroplast-derived anthrax protective antigen survive anthrax lethal toxin challenge.
The currently available human vaccine for anthrax, derived from the culture supernatant of Bacillus anthracis, contains the protective antigen (PA) and traces of the lethal and edema factors, which may contribute to adverse side effects associated with this vaccine. Therefore, an effective expression system that can provide a clean, safe, and efficacious vaccine is required. In an effort to pro...
متن کاملThe cytoplasmic domain of anthrax toxin receptor 1 affects binding of the protective antigen.
The protective antigen (PA) component of anthrax toxin binds the I domain of the receptor ANTXR1. Integrin I domains convert between open and closed conformations that bind ligand with high and low affinities, respectively; this process is regulated by signaling from the cytoplasmic domains. To assess whether intracellular signals might influence the interaction between ANTXR1 and PA, we compar...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Molecular Biology
سال: 2009
ISSN: 0022-2836
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.07.037